Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Backgroundwe compared transcranial directcurrent stimulation tdcs with a selective serotoninreuptake inhibitor for the treatment of depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Anxiety evaluates the current state of anxiety, asking how respondents feel right now, using items that measure subjective feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, worry, and activationarousal of the autonomic nervous system. It is not a tool to diagnose mood disorders but it has proofed to be a reliable, valid and responsive instrument to assess the severity of symptoms of mood disorders. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink.
In this study anxiety and depressive disorders were evaluated in patients admitted to an emergency department ed or to a medical department md. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale to screen for. Seven items, each of which is scored 0 to 3, providing a 0 to 21 severity score.
The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Depression and anxiety symptoms in cardiac patients. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research.
Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. To examine whether long work hours are associated with increased levels and prevalences of anxiety and depression. Use of the beck anxiety and depression inventories for. The hads was thereforedesigned to be a brief, 14 item, self. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Prevalence and determinants of depression in caregivers of. Working overtime is associated with anxiety and depression. The hads produces two scales, one for anxiety hadsa and one for. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Validation of hospital anxiety and depression scale as a. The dass questionnaire is in the public domain, and may be downloaded from this website. Hospital anxiety and depression scale for use among. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which.
Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads pdf book. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Answers are based on the patients feelings over the past week. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is one measure that can be effectively used to identify patients struggling with anxiety andor depression in addition to comorbid medical illness such as cardiac disease. Significant relationships between depression and factors related to depression and quality of life reported in individual studies were identified.
D, in a representative sample of patients with cancer. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. The dass is a 42item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tensionstress. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale to screen. The use of the questionnaire is licensed by gl assessment. The general health questionnaire30 ghq30 was administered to screen all patients n 719 consecutively admitted to an ed n 556 and to md n 163 in a 120 day period. The minimal important difference of the hospital anxiety and. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. Zigmond and snaith, 1983 was designed to tackle the attribution problem and replaced physical symptoms with cognitive or emotional items.
Random effects metaanalyses were performed to obtain pooled estimates of the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety. Factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in coronary heart disease patients in three countries. All subjects were screened for depression and anxiety using the cardiac depression scale cds and the depression anxiety stress scale dass42. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. It is therefore acceptable to readminister the scale at a later date, and can be used as a comparator or outcome. Instruction manual instructions for patient health. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 142, 281287. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients.
Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Nine items, each of which is scored 0 to 3, providing a 0 to 27 severity score. Adolescence is a developmental transition from childhood to adulthood, with substantial physical and. Adolescence is a developmental transition from childhood to adulthood, with substantial physical and psychological changes. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire.
Evaluation of the chinese version of the hospital anxiety and. Prevalence and determinants of depression in caregivers of c. The hospital anxiety and depression scale is a two dimension scale. Dimensionality of the hospital anxiety and depression. S anxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to a palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity. One of the most widely used measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms in general medical settings, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 912, is also used commonly in critical illness survivors 2,57,12. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is one of the most commonly used mood scales. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet.
For both scales, scores of less than 7 indicate noncases. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, zigmond and snaith, 1983 is a selfreport instrument for assessing states of depression and anxiety suitable for use among both medical patients and general population in the community. Data was obtained from hospital medical charts and an inperson interview, using a structured questionnaire with a sequence of validated instruments. Stress scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale scores were similar between groups. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a simple to use self assessment used as a screening tool for identifying anxiety and depression.
The hospital anxiey and depression scale with the irritability depression anxiety scale and the leeds situational anxiety scale. The authenticity of the chinese translation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale had was tested in a sample of medical students. Jun 27, 2017 here, the authors assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 2 established screening instruments. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. The dass21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can. However, there is some debate about the number of dimensions represented by the hads. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. The hads manual indicates that a score between 0 and 7 is normal.
Anxiety and depressive disorders in an emergency department. The purpose of this study was to validate hads as a screening tool for psychological distress among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springer. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing.
The university of new south wales in australia developed a questionnaire to measure all three of them using one questionnaire, known as dass. The nice 2004, 2009 guidance includes recommendations for depression screening. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the. The chinese version demonstrated good agreement with the. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. In particular, the hads has been used extensively and effectively among patients following a myocardial infarction mi 20, 21, 24. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. The associations between hyperglycemia and depression in types 1 and 2 diabetes were also studied. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. The effectiveness of the beck anxiety baipc and depression bdipc inventories for primary care for discriminating 56 primary care patients with and without revised, third edition diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders dsmiiir diagnosed anxiety and mood disorders was studied. Investigating depression in the preoperative period of spinal surgery is important because of its effect on the outcomes of surgery.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and the 9. T anxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a. The depression guidance has currently been updated and published and includes the management of depression in primary care and for patients with longterm conditions ltc nice 2009. Selfreported information on various workrelated factors, demographics. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire developed to. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. A license agreement must be completed beforehand and a user fee is required to all users. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and.
I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Overtime workers n 50 were compared with a reference group of 9092 workers not working overtime regarding anxiety and depression by means of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. The minimal important difference of the hospital anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to.
Results several factors were correlated with depression in types 1 and 2 diabetes. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale eprovide mapi. The levels of depression were selfrated by using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression.
Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scores have similar sensitivity and specificity to other depression screening measures. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life. Hospital anxiety and depression scale rehabmeasures database. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work.
Internal consistency of the anxiety subscale of the hads is high cronbachs a0. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The dass21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure.
If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. State and trait anxiety are analogous in certain respects to kinetic and potential energy. For the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads anxiety and depression subscales, a scale of. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads gl assessment. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads measures anxiety and depressive symptoms and is widely used in clinical and nonclinical populations. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression anxiety scale non doubtful scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases scwres cases cases. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric hospital setting 4. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of.
Psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical popul we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Jul 02, 2008 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used instrument to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety. Ciliberti, in handbook of assessment in clinical gerontology second. The anxiety and mood modules from the primary care evaluation of mental disorders primemd were. Depression, anxiety, and stress are all negative feelings. However, studies have cast doubt on its ability to operate with any more precision than other scales orourke et al. Selected but provisional dsmiv diagnoses for all types of disorders except somatoform. Dimensionality of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hads does not include all of the diagnostic criteria of depression. This is a selfassessment scale originally designed to detect the common mental disorders of depression and anxiety in adults aged 1665 attending medical nonpsychiatric outpatient clinics.